Pet Squirrels

 Pet Squirrels: A Comprehensive Guide to Raising and Caring for Squirrels as Pets

 

Introduction

 

Squirrels are small, agile, and brilliant animals that are often seen scampering through trees and foraging in gardens. While many people enjoy watching squirrels in their natural habitats, many individuals have become interested in keeping squirrels as pets. However, raising a squirrel as a pet is not a decision to be taken lightly. Squirrels are wild animals, and although they can be affectionate and playful, they also have specific needs and behaviors that must be understood and respected.

In this comprehensive guide, we will explore everything you need to know about keeping a pet squirrel, including legal considerations, housing, diet, care requirements, health concerns, and the ethical responsibilities of squirrel ownership. This article aims to provide detailed insights into what it truly takes to care for and raise a pet squirrel.

 

1. Legal Considerations of Keeping Squirrels as Pets

 

Before considering a squirrel as a pet, it is essential to understand the legal restrictions and regulations that may apply in your area. In many regions, it is illegal to keep squirrels as pets due to their status as wild animals, and permits may be required.

 

1.1 State and Federal Laws

 

In the United States, squirrel ownership is governed by both state and federal laws. Wild animals, including squirrels, are often protected under the law, and owning one without proper permits can result in hefty fines or even confiscation of the animal.

 

- Federal Laws: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has regulations that protect many species of wildlife. If you intend to keep a native squirrel species, you may need to comply with federal wildlife regulations.

- State Laws: Each state has its own laws regarding the keeping of wild animals as pets. In many states, it is illegal to keep a squirrel without a wildlife rehabilitation license. Some states may allow squirrel ownership with a permit, while others ban it entirely.

- Permits: In some cases, you may be able to obtain a permit to keep a squirrel as a pet, especially if the squirrel is a rescued or injured animal that cannot be released back into the wild. However, this process varies by location.

 

1.2 Ethical Considerations

 

Beyond legal concerns, there are ethical considerations to take into account when keeping a wild animal like a squirrel as a pet. Squirrels have evolved to thrive in natural environments, and keeping them in captivity can be stressful if their needs are not met.

 

- Natural Behavior: Squirrels are used to living in the wild, where they can climb, forage, and interact with other animals. Keeping them as pets can limit their ability to engage in these natural behaviors.

- Rescue vs. Pet Trade: If you choose to keep a squirrel, consider adopting a rescued or orphaned squirrel rather than purchasing one from a breeder or pet trade. Rescued squirrels may not be able to return to the wild due to injury or habituation to humans, making them more suitable as pets.

 

2. Types of Squirrels Kept as Pets

 

There are several species of squirrels, but not all are suitable for life as a pet. The most common types of squirrels kept as pets are tree squirrels and flying squirrels. Each type has its own unique characteristics, and it is important to understand the differences before deciding which species is best for you.

 

2.1 Eastern Gray Squirrels

 

The Eastern gray squirrel is the most common species found in North America. They are active, playful, and highly intelligent animals, making them interesting companions for those who are willing to put in the effort to care for them.

 

Key Characteristics:

- Size: 9-12 inches in length (excluding the tail), with a bushy tail measuring an additional 8-10 inches.

- Appearance: Gray fur with white or light brown underbellies. Their bushy tails are their most distinctive feature.

- Temperament: Eastern gray squirrels are curious, energetic, and mischievous. They require plenty of mental stimulation and physical activity.

 

2.2 Flying Squirrels

 

Flying squirrels are nocturnal animals known for their ability to glide between trees using a membrane of skin stretched between their limbs. While they are smaller and more elusive than tree squirrels, they are often kept as pets due to their gentle nature and unique gliding abilities.

 

Key Characteristics:

- Size: 5-8 inches in length, with a tail of similar length.

- Appearance: Soft, gray-brown fur with large, round eyes adapted for night vision.

- Temperament: Flying squirrels are typically more timid and gentle compared to tree squirrels. They are nocturnal and prefer to play and interact during the evening and night hours.

 

2.3 Red Squirrels

 

The Red squirrel is another common species, particularly in Europe and parts of North America. They are smaller and more territorial than gray squirrels but are known for their striking reddish fur.

 

Key Characteristics:

- Size: 7-9 inches in length, with a bushy tail measuring 6-8 inches.

- Appearance: Reddish-brown fur with white underparts and tufted ears.

- Temperament: Red squirrels are more territorial and independent, which can make them harder to bond with than gray or flying squirrels. However, with patience, they can become affectionate pets.

 

3. Housing and Environment for Pet Squirrels

 

Squirrels are active animals that need plenty of space to climb, explore, and exercise. Whether you’re keeping a tree squirrel or a flying squirrel, providing an appropriate habitat is crucial for their physical and mental well-being.

 

3.1 Indoor Cages

 

For indoor pet squirrels, a large cage is necessary to provide ample space for climbing and playing. Unlike small animals like hamsters or guinea pigs, squirrels need vertical space as much as horizontal space.

 

- Cage Size: A cage for a pet squirrel should be as large as possible, with a minimum size of 4 feet tall, 3 feet wide, and 3 feet deep. Larger enclosures are recommended, especially for tree squirrels that require more room to move around.

- Materials: The cage should be made of strong, chew-resistant materials, as squirrels have powerful teeth that can easily damage weak materials. Metal cages with vertical bars are ideal.

- Climbing Structures: Include plenty of branches, ropes, and platforms inside the cage to allow for climbing and jumping. Squirrels love to explore, so creating a dynamic environment with varying levels and textures will keep them engaged.

 

3.2 Outdoor Enclosures

 

If you have the space, an outdoor enclosure can provide a more natural environment for your pet squirrel. Outdoor enclosures should be secure and large enough to allow for free movement, climbing, and foraging.

 

- Size: Outdoor enclosures should be at least 8 feet tall and 6 feet wide, though bigger is always better. This will allow your squirrel to climb and jump safely.

- Protection from Predators: Ensure the enclosure is fully enclosed and predator-proof. Squirrels are vulnerable to predators like hawks, owls, and cats, so the enclosure must have a secure roof and strong walls.

- Weather Considerations: Provide shelter within the enclosure to protect your squirrel from rain, wind, and extreme temperatures. A nesting box or insulated shelter can offer a safe and comfortable space for your squirrel to sleep.

 

3.3 Nesting and Bedding

 

Squirrels in the wild create nests out of leaves, twigs, and other materials. In captivity, you should provide similar bedding materials for your pet squirrel to create a cozy and safe sleeping environment.

 

- Nesting Box: A wooden nesting box or a commercially available squirrel house can be placed inside the cage or enclosure. Line the box with soft materials such as shredded paper, hay, or fleece.

- Bedding: Provide soft, absorbent bedding material for your squirrel to build its nest. Avoid using materials that can be ingested or cause respiratory issues, such as pine or cedar shavings.

 

4. Diet and Nutrition for Pet Squirrels

 

A proper diet is essential to keep your pet squirrel healthy and thriving. In the wild, squirrels eat a varied diet that includes nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables, and insects. Replicating this diet in captivity is important to meet their nutritional needs.

 

4.1 Core Diet

 

The bulk of a squirrel's diet should consist of high-quality rodent blocks or squirrel-specific pellets. These foods are formulated to provide the vitamins, minerals, and nutrients squirrels need to stay healthy.

 

- Rodent Blocks: Available at pet stores, rodent blocks are nutritionally balanced and provide a good base for a pet squirrel’s diet.

- Squirrel Pellets: Some specialty pet stores offer squirrel pellets that are specifically designed for their dietary needs. These are also a good option for the main part of their diet.

 

4.2 Fresh Foods

 

In addition to rodent blocks or pellets, you should supplement your squirrel's diet with fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. These foods mimic what squirrels would eat in the wild and add variety to their diet.

 

- Fruits: Apples, bananas, berries, and melons are good choices. Always wash fruits thoroughly and remove seeds or pits, which can be harmful.

- Vegetables: Leafy greens, carrots, broccoli, and sweet potatoes provide essential vitamins and fiber.

- Nuts and Seeds: Squirrels love nuts, but they should be given in moderation. Offer unsalted nuts like almonds, walnuts, pecans, or hazelnuts as occasional treats.

- Protein: In the wild, squirrels occasionally eat insects. You can supplement their diet with mealworms, cooked chicken, or scrambled eggs to provide additional protein.

 

4.3 Foods to Avoid

 

Some foods are toxic to squirrels or can cause health problems if consumed in excess. It's important to avoid feeding your squirrel the following items:

 

- Chocolate: Like many pets, squirrels should never eat chocolate, as it is toxic to them.

- Sugary Foods: Avoid giving squirrels processed or sugary foods, such as candy or baked goods.

- Avocado: Avocado contains a substance called persin, which can be harmful to squirrels.

- Junk Food: Foods that are high in fat, salt, or artificial additives are not suitable for squirrels.

 

4.4 Water

 

Provide fresh, clean water at all times. Use a water bottle attached to the side of the cage or a heavy, spill-proof dish. Ensure the water is changed daily to prevent contamination.

 

5. Health Care and Common Health Issues in Pet Squirrels

 

Squirrels, like all pets, are prone to certain health issues that can arise from improper care or diet. It is important to monitor your squirrel's health and seek veterinary care if you notice any signs of illness.

 

5.1 Common Health Issues

 

- Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD): MBD is a common issue in pet squirrels and is caused by a lack of calcium or vitamin D3 in their diet. It can lead to weak bones, paralysis, and even death if not treated. Ensuring your squirrel has a balanced diet with adequate calcium is essential to prevent this condition.

- Dental Problems: Squirrels' teeth grow continuously throughout their lives, and they need to chew regularly to keep them at a healthy length. Without proper chewing materials, squirrels can develop overgrown teeth, leading to difficulty eating and infection.

- Parasites: Like other pets, squirrels can suffer from external parasites like fleas and mites. Regular grooming and monitoring for signs of infestation can help prevent these issues.

- Respiratory Infections: Squirrels are susceptible to respiratory infections, especially if they are kept in poorly ventilated or damp conditions. Symptoms include sneezing, wheezing, and nasal discharge. Consult a veterinarian if you notice any signs of respiratory distress.

 

5.2 Finding a Veterinarian

 

Finding a veterinarian who specializes in exotic pets or wildlife is crucial for your pet squirrel’s health. Not all vets are familiar with squirrels, so you may need to locate one who has experience treating small mammals or wildlife species.

 

5.3 Preventive Care

 

- Regular Check-ups: Take your squirrel for regular veterinary check-ups to ensure they are healthy and to address any potential health concerns early on.

- Dental Care: Provide chew toys and hard objects like untreated wood or branches to help your squirrel maintain healthy teeth.

- Calcium Supplementation: To prevent MBD, ensure your squirrel gets adequate calcium in its diet. You may need to provide a calcium supplement if your veterinarian recommends it.

 

6. Behavior and Socialization of Pet Squirrels

 

Squirrels are intelligent, active, and social animals. Understanding their behavior and providing opportunities for socialization and play is essential to keeping them happy and healthy.

 

6.1 Natural Behavior

 

In the wild, squirrels spend most of their time foraging, climbing, and building nests. They are naturally curious and enjoy exploring their environment.

 

- Climbing: Squirrels are natural climbers, and they need plenty of vertical space and structures in their environment to satisfy this instinct.

- Foraging: Encourage your squirrel to forage for food by hiding treats in their enclosure or providing foraging toys that require problem-solving.

 

6.2 Play and Enrichment

 

Squirrels are highly active animals that require plenty of mental and physical stimulation. Providing toys and activities that encourage natural behaviors like climbing, jumping, and chewing is essential for their well-being.

 

- Chew Toys: Offer a variety of safe chew toys, such as wooden blocks, branches, or natural fiber toys, to keep their teeth healthy and prevent boredom.

- Interactive Toys: Puzzle toys that require your squirrel to figure out how to access treats can provide mental stimulation and keep them engaged.

- Climbing Structures: Ropes, branches, and platforms allow your squirrel to climb and jump, which is essential for their physical health.

 

6.3 Bonding with Your Squirrel

 

Squirrels can form strong bonds with their owners, but it takes time, patience, and gentle handling to build trust. Start by allowing your squirrel to explore its environment and approach you at its own pace. Offering treats from your hand can help establish a positive association with you.

 

- Handling: Be gentle when handling your squirrel, and avoid restraining them too tightly. Squirrels are fast and agile, and rough handling can cause stress or injury.

- Socialization: While some squirrels can be kept alone, others do better with the companionship of other squirrels. If you choose to keep more than one squirrel, ensure they are introduced gradually to prevent territorial disputes.

 

7. Conclusion

 

Squirrels can be fascinating and affectionate pets for those who are willing to invest time and effort into their care. However, they are wild animals with specific needs, and raising a pet squirrel requires a deep understanding of their behavior, diet, and health requirements. By providing the proper housing, nutrition, and enrichment, and by respecting their natural instincts, you can create a fulfilling and happy life for your pet squirrel.

Before deciding to adopt a squirrel as a pet, ensure you have researched local laws and understand the ethical responsibilities of keeping a wild animal. With the right approach, a pet squirrel can become a beloved and cherished member of your household.